X-Ray Raman Spectroscopic Study of Water in the Condensed Phases
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Oxygen K-edge x-ray absorption spectra of high-density amorphous (HDA) ice, low-density amorphous ice Ic, ice Ih, normal and deuterated liquid water were measured with the synchrotron x-ray Raman scattering method under almost identical experimental conditions by in situ heating of an HDA ice sample. The distinct preedge structure previously reported in water was observed in all the spectra. The results show that core-hole excitations are localized and not strongly affected by the local environment. Therefore, the existence of the preedge feature is not a concise indicator of the magnitude of local disorder within the hydrogen bonded network. The intensity of the near-edge absorption shifts into the postedge region when the hydrogen bond network becomes more ordered. This observation is interpreted as an enhancement of Wannier over Frenkel excitations in an ordered crystal.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it