Discrete space continuous time 2D delay block using 2D all-pass frequency planar networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A two-dimensional (2D) space-time (ST) delay operator D2DST[·] and a novel discrete-space-continuous-time (DSCT) CMOS VLSI implementation at radio frequency (RF) is proposed. The proposed delay operator is able to delay 2D ST antenna array signals along space and time and can be used as a building block in 2D ST array processing algorithms. A 2D non-separable DSCT transfer function (TF), ΦApp(zx, sct) is used to approximate the ideal 2D ST delay represented by the 2D TF equation. A passive frequency planar transformation followed by bilinear transform along spatial dimension is used to derive ΦApp(zx, sct) starting from a 1D passive all-pass prototype. The 2D delay D2DST[·] is proposed to be realized using an array of identical analog modules (AMs). A CMOS VLSI circuit operating at RF is proposed for each AM. Magnitude and phase frequency responses of a single AM operating at 1 GHz is obtained using 65 nm TSMC CMOS simulations in Cadence and compared with the theoretical responses. The 2D phase frequency response of D2DST[·] is obtained using the CMOS simulated response of a single AM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".