Bibliographic record
Abstract
Executive compensation of 755 Canadian firms is examined over the period 1991–95, and evidence is obtained consistent with previous studies: CEO pay rises with firm size and compensation is tied to company performance. In addition, executives in utilities earn lower pay, and their compensation is less responsive to performance, than is true for their counterparts in other industries. Some novel findings are also documented. First, the sales elasticity of CEO compensation is greater in larger firms. Second, while CEO turnover probability is generally negatively related to the firm's stock performance, the threat of dismissal appear to be less pronounced in small firms. JEL Classification: G35, J33 Salaire des PDG, taille de l'entreprise et performance des sociétés: résultats pour le Canada. En étudiant le salaire des PDG de 755 entreprises canadiennes au cours de la période 1991–95, l'auteur confirme certains résultats d'études antérieures: le salaire du PDG croît avec la taille de l'entreprise, et il est liéà la performance de l'entreprise. Il appert aussi que les cadres dans les entreprises de service public gagnent moins relativement parlant, et que leur salaire est moins sensible aux écarts de performance que dans les autres secteurs. On met aussi à jour certains résultats inédits. D'abord, il semble que l'élasticité du salaire du PDG par rapport au niveau des ventes est plus forte dans les plus grandes entreprises. Ensuite, alors que la probabilité de roulement est en général co‐reliée négativement à la performance des actions en bourse de l'entreprise, la menace de renvoi semble moins prononcée dans les petites entreprises.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".