Le commissionnaire de transport, le Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier, le consortium maritime : sont-ils transporteurs maritimes ?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
En étudiant la notion et le statut juridique du commissionnaire de transport, du Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier (NVOCC) et du consortium maritime, nous avons pu identifier ces trois acteurs du transport maritime international comme étant des transporteurs maritimes. Ainsi, bien qu’étant un intermédiaire, le commissionnaire de transport bénéficie d’un statut juridique distinct de celui du transitaire. En effet, il doit assurer le transport de la marchandise. Le Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier, acteur du shipping moderne a un statut juridique équivalent à celui du transporteur maritime en ce qu’il est aussi chargé du transport de la marchandise. Enfin, le consortium maritime, selon la nature et le degré de coopération entre ses membres, peut être identifié ou non comme transporteur maritime responsable du retard ou du dommage causé à la marchandise. Ces trois acteurs du transport maritime international ont ceci de commun qu’ils apparaissent, aux yeux des tiers non comme des intermédiaires ou des agents, mais comme de véritables transporteurs maritimes dans les pays où leurs statuts sont réglementés.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.019 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".