Chemotype and aggressiveness of isolates of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> causing head blight of wheat in Nebraska
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its associated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can cause devastating economic losses. In North America, FHB of wheat is caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [sexual stage Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch]. In this study, the chemotype of 73 single-spore isolates of F. graminearum obtained from wheat kernels collected from 2007 to 2010 from FHB-affected fields and grain elevators in Nebraska was determined to be 15-ADON. Eight selected isolates were evaluated for aggressiveness on spikes and DON production in grain using the FHB-susceptible spring wheat cultivar ‘Wheaton’. Aggressiveness was quantified as disease severity and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Disease severity at 21 days after inoculation ranged from 40.9% to 99.5% and AUDPC ranged from 284%-days to 1279%-days. DON production in grain, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), ranged from 0.2 to 11.0 µg g−1. Aggressiveness as measured using AUDPC was positively and linearly related to DON production in grain (R2 = 0.98; P < 0.0001). Isolates that produced the most DON were also the most aggressive. These results confirmed previous findings that the predominant F. graminearum chemotype in North America is 15-ADON and suggest that in Nebraska, there are highly aggressive populations of F. graminearum with high DON production capacity that have potential to cause severe losses due to reduction in yield and grain quality. This information will enhance farmers’ preparedness and willingness to apply management measures in years with a high risk for FHB outbreaks and will help researchers better understand FHB.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".