Encephaloceles of the Anterior Cranial Fossa
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
From a total of 114 encephaloceles treated surgically at The Hospital for Sick Children in the 15 years to 1994, the case records of 17 patients with sincipital and 5 patients with basal defects were reviewed retrospectively. The condition was evident at birth in 64% of patients, while the remainder presented with either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, or feeding difficulty. Hypertelorism affected 73% of patients. All encephaloceles were repaired transcranially, at a mean age of 2 years, usually by means of an intradural pericranial graft. Five children with gross hypertelorism underwent orbital translocation at the time of encephalocele repair. Of those not corrected, primary and secondary hypertelorism regressed in most instances where the encephalocele was treated before the age of 2 years. There were no deaths. The only case of CSF rhinorrhea occurred in a patient with a basal defect, in whom intradural repair was not possible because of adherence of diencephalic structures to the sac wall. Hypertelorism recurred in 1 patient after orbital translocation, requiring recorrection 2 years later. One patient with untreated secondary hypertelorism failed to regress after the encephalocele was excised at the age of 4 months. Developmental outcome was normal in 59% of children, whilst 18% have mild mental or physical disability, and 23% are severely impaired. A child with a sincipital or basal defect and mild hypertelorism should have the encephalocele treated in early childhood to allow the facial skeleton to remodel with growth. When an encephalocele is accompanied by gross hypertelorism or a facial cleft, one-stage correction can be undertaken safely in early childhood with minimal mortality and acceptable morbidity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it