The importance of integrin‐linked kinase in the regulation of bladder cancer invasion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of bladder cancer progression not only to prevent cancer progression but also to detect new therapeutic targets against advanced bladder cancer. The integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a major signaling integrator in mammalian cells and plays an important role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human cancers, but its mechanisms are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the importance and mechanisms of ILK in bladder cancer progression. When the expression of ILK in bladder cancer cell lines and N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN)-induced murine bladder cancer was evaluated, ILK has a tendency to be overexpressed in invasive cell lines and invasive BBN-induced murine bladder cancer. Overexpression of ILK in 253J bladder cancer cells suppressed E-cadherin expression, resulting in the promotion of cell invasion. Conversely, ILK knockdown by siRNA suppresses cell invasion in invasive bladder cancer cells through the regulation of E-cadherin or matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9). To regulate E-cadherin expression, our results showed that the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)-Zeb1 pathway may play an important role downstream of ILK. Finally, the results of a human bladder tissue microarray (TMA) showed that ILK expression correlates with the invasiveness of human bladder cancer. Our study suggests that ILK is overexpressed in invasive bladder cancer and plays an important role in the EMT of bladder cancer via the control of E-cadherin and MMP-9 expression. ILK may be a new molecular target to suppress tumor progression in advanced and high-risk bladder cancer patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".