Changes in rutin concentration and flavonol-3-glucosidase activity during seedling growth in tartary buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum tataricum</i> Gaertn.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To investigate the physiological roles of rutin (quercetin 3-O-rutinoside) and flavonol-3-glucosidase (f3g, a rutin-degrading enzyme) during cotyledon growth in tartary buckwheat, changes in rutin and quercetin (aglycone of rutin) concentrations, and f3g activities were measured. The rutin concentration gradually increased (about 50 mg g -1 DW cotyledons) up to 12 d after germination (DAG). The quercetin concentration in the tartary buckwheat cotyledon increased immediately after germination, reached a maximum at 4 DAG, and then remained around 1.5 mg g -1 DW until 12 DAG. The f3g activity in the cotyledon and testa decreased gradually after germination. However, it retained 80% activity at 4 DAG compared with dry seed. In addition, the f3g activity was high on the surface of the cotyledon. We also investigated spatial distribution of rutin and f3g activity in 4 DAG seedlings. While rutin was mostly present in the cotyledon, f3g activity was observed in the testa, the surface of the testa, and root. These results suggest that rutin and f3g activity in tartary buckwheat have different physiological roles during cotyledon growth compared with common buckwheat. Key words: Tartary buckwheat; rutin; quercetin; flavonoid; glucosidase; germination
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".