Mild Hydrocracking of Synthetic Crude Gas Oil over Pt Supported on Pillared and Delaminated Clays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A comparison of the mild hydrocracking activities and selectivities to ring opening of Pt supported on pillared and delaminated clays is presented in this study. The catalysts were prepared as extrudates with 30% alumina and were used to process a gas oil fraction derived from Canadian oil sands that was first hydrotreated to reduce the heteroatom content. Experiments were performed in both hydrogenation and mild hydrocracking regimes using a fixed-bed microreactor between 260 and 380 °C, at a total pressure of 10.3 MPa and a LHSV of 1.0. Feed and total liquid products were characterized by using ASTM standard methods and by GC-MS for compositional analysis. Results show that under similar reaction conditions, Pt-supported pillared clay had higher hydrogenation and hydrocracking activities than Pt-supported delaminated clay. However, the latter catalyst had a higher selectivity to diesel yield and produced less naphtha for the same conversion of the +343 °C fraction. Detailed compositional analysis of total liquid products over the operating temperature range also indicated that the Pt/pillared clay catalyst achieved ring opening of two- and three-ring naphthenes, while the Pt/delaminated clay converted only three-ring species. Catalyst deactivation was evaluated by monitoring feedstock conversion and by examination of fresh and used catalysts after approximately 300 h time-on-stream. The surface area and pore size distributions measured by N 2 -adsorption/desorption of fresh and used catalysts were compared to determine loss of microporosity due to deposition of carbonaceous materials and possible changes to the catalyst structure due to the reaction environment. Results suggest that pores with diameters less than 60 Å were more susceptible to coke formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".