Magnitude of Dopamine Release in Medial Prefrontal Cortex Predicts Accuracy of Memory on a Delayed Response Task
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Modulation of neural function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) by dopamine (DA) is essential for higher cognitive processes related to attention, working memory, and planning of future behavior. The present study demonstrates that DA efflux in the PFC is increased in a phasic manner when a rat engages in search behavior for food reward on an eight arm radial maze guided by memory, independent of whether or not reward is obtained for making the correct choice. Furthermore, disruption of accurate recall of the correct pattern of arms induced by increasing the delay period from 30 min to 1 or 6 hr, is associated with attenuated DA efflux during the retrieval phase of the task. The observed increase in DA efflux in the absence of reward at a 30 min delay and the minimal increase during consumption of the same quantity of food during poor performance after an unexpected 6 hr delay, argue against a simple relationship between DA function in the PFC and reward processes. Instead, these data demonstrate a close functional relationship between the release of DA from terminals within the PFC and the retrieval of specific trial unique memories; furthermore, the magnitude of mesocortical DA efflux is predictive of the accuracy of this form of memory.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".