Rates of Landward Sand Transport over the Foredune at Skallingen, Denmark and the Role of Dune Ramps
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Landward migration of barriers occurs in response to a negative sediment budget and/or sea level rise. The ability of the foredune to migrate landward while maintaining its size is determined by the rate at which aeolian sediment transfers across the foredune take place. On the transgressive barrier spit Skallingen, sediment deposition on the crest and lee slope of the foredune was measured at two locations over the periods 1996–1999 and 2001–2002, respectively. Temporal and spatial variability of accretion rates occurred on different scales and annual accretion volumes up to 9 m3 per m beach width were obtained. In addition to the local sediment budget (i.e. beach width), the frequency and magnitude of storms and the pattern of wind speed and direction, the presence of a dune ramp is also important for the beach to dune sediment transfer. The study suggests that the critical ramp size for beach/dune sediment transfer corresponds to a ramp-to-crest distance of 1 m or a relative ramp height of 0.6. A conceptual model is presented which attempts to outline the controls on dune ramp development and the beach/dune sediment budget.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".