Fractal Dimensions of Simulated and Real Fat Crystal Networks in 3D Space
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The microstructure of fat crystal networks is closely related to rheological properties of fat products, and thus is of particular interest to food scientists. The fractal dimensions of fat crystal networks calculated by microscopy methods such as box‐counting, Db, particle‐counting, Df, and mass fractal dimension, Dm, have been extensively employed to quantify the microstructure of fats. This work revealed the microstructural basis of Db, Df, and Dm in 3D space through both computer simulation and experiments on the high melting fraction of milk fat crystal networks. Similar to our previous simulation study on the fractal dimensions of fat crystal networks in 2D space, Db is sensitive to crystal size, area fraction, and not sensitive to distribution orderliness of crystals, which is the percentage of evenly distributed fat crystals within the simulated fat crystal networks. Df and Dm were not affected by any of the microstructural factors studied in the simulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".