Searching for evidence of interaction between the Of star HD 229196 and the interstellar medium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Massive stars with strong stellar winds are expected to have a huge impact on their interstellar surroundings, an effect which, in a surprisingly large number of cases, is not observed. This work is part of a concerted effort to obtain a better and more homogeneous observational data base with which to test the predictions of theoretical models. Analysis of the interstellar medium around the Of star HD 229196 shows that it coincides (in projection) with a region of lower radio continuum emission. This suggests that the star has shaped the surrounding interstellar medium via its ionizing flux and stellar wind. However, we find no clear evidence of the star's action in atomic hydrogen images. The radio continuum morphology and absence of a clear expanding H i shell are consistent with the possibility that the star, which is travelling supersonically at ∼30 km s−1 with respect to its local interstellar medium, is creating a weak bow shock. We cannot however rule out the possibility that the observed asymmetry is due to an inhomogeneous interstellar density distribution. We use data from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey to carry out this study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".