Bibliographic record
Abstract
To quantify the effect of rigid inclusions on the flow behavior of a creeping matrix, we fabricated a suite of two‐phase marbles by hot isostatically pressing mixtures of calcite and quartz powders and subsequently deformed these synthetic rocks at 300 MPa confining pressure, up to 100 MPa pore pressure, temperatures ranging from 873 to 1073 K, strain rates and stresses ranging from ∼10 −7 s −1 to ∼10 −3 s −1 and ∼4 MPa to 190 MPa, respectively. In constant displacement rate tests performed to axial strains of up to about 30%, we observed deformation at approximately constant stress for samples with 20% or less quartz. Even small additions of second phase significantly strengthen the aggregate, although the magnitude of the strengthening varies significantly with temperature and imposed strain rate. Investigation of the microstructure of starting samples reveals that initial porosity directly varies with quartz content and that matrix grain size inversely varies with the amount of second phase. Strength decreases modestly with increasing porosity, and consequently, strength increases as the samples compact. The effect of matrix grain size on the aggregate strength depends on the deformation conditions. The majority of tests exhibit an inverse relation between strength and matrix grain size (i.e., similar to a Hall‐Petch relation), but fine‐grained samples deformed at the highest temperatures exhibit decreasing strength with decreasing grain size. The addition of the quartz particles seems to result in both structural strengthening owing to decreased grain size and to transfer of load from the flowing matrix to the rigid quartz particles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".