Cation Substitution for BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Phase in Low-Fired Glass-Ceramics for Tunable Microwave Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cation substitution for the Ba2+ and Ti4+ sites in the BaTiO3 structure was attempted in low-fired glass-ceramics derived from glass powders that have perovskite phase compositions corresponding to (BaTiO3:REAlO3) = 9:1 and 8:2 (RE=La, Nd and Sm) to control the Curie temperature (T c) of the ferroelectric glass-ceramics. The La3+-substituted (9:1) sample heated at 950°C for 24 h showed a broadened ε r–temperature relationship with substantial lowering in T c to ∼-55°C. The Ba:La ratio in the perovskite particles was estimated to be in the range of 4:1–6.7:1, whereas very little Al3+ was incorporated into the same particles. It was found that the T c of the glass-ceramics fabricated in our serial study could be adjusted by A-site cation substitution in BaTiO3. Tailored glass-ceramic samples with room temperature ε r of 200–300 and T c of around 0°C had good microwave tunability of 30–40% under dc bias voltage of 10–50 kV/cm. The high tuning sensitivity of the low-fired glass-ceramics was confirmed by comparative examination of the dielectric properties of well-crystallized ceramics and thin films.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".