Cation Substitution for BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Phase in Low-Fired Glass-Ceramics for Tunable Microwave Applications
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cation substitution for the Ba 2+ and Ti 4+ sites in the BaTiO 3 structure was attempted in low-fired glass-ceramics derived from glass powders that have perovskite phase compositions corresponding to (BaTiO 3 :REAlO 3 ) = 9:1 and 8:2 (RE=La, Nd and Sm) to control the Curie temperature ( T c ) of the ferroelectric glass-ceramics. The La 3+ -substituted (9:1) sample heated at 950°C for 24 h showed a broadened ε r –temperature relationship with substantial lowering in T c to ∼-55°C. The Ba:La ratio in the perovskite particles was estimated to be in the range of 4:1–6.7:1, whereas very little Al 3+ was incorporated into the same particles. It was found that the T c of the glass-ceramics fabricated in our serial study could be adjusted by A-site cation substitution in BaTiO 3 . Tailored glass-ceramic samples with room temperature ε r of 200–300 and T c of around 0°C had good microwave tunability of 30–40% under dc bias voltage of 10–50 kV/cm. The high tuning sensitivity of the low-fired glass-ceramics was confirmed by comparative examination of the dielectric properties of well-crystallized ceramics and thin films.
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Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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