Arsenic Removal from Aqueous Solution by Iron Oxide-Coated Biomass: Common Ion Effects and Thermodynamic Analysis
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A batch study showed that the presence of anions (sulfate, chloride, and nitrate) in solution did not affect the adsorption process of both As(V) and As(III) by iron oxide-coated A. niger biomass. It was found that the presence of Ca2+, Fe2+, and Mg2+ ions at a concentration of 200 mg/L in solution could increase the removal efficiency of As(V) by 86.5%, 95.4%, and 65.8%, respectively. Similarly, the presence of Ca2+, Fe2+, and Mg2+ ions at a concentration of 200 mg/L in solution could increase the removal efficiency of As(III) by 39.3%, 97%, and 8.4%, respectively. The batch adsorption-desorption study showed that the reactions between the arsenic species and the iron oxide-coated A. niger biomass were reversible. Desorption of As(V) and As(III) at neutral pH was approximately 15%. As(V) desorbed more than As(III) in acidic (pH 1.33) and alkaline (pH 12.56) solutions. At a pH of 1.33, 67% of the adsorbed As(V) desorbed, and the percentage of desorbed As(III) was only 47.1% in the same condition. At a solution pH of 12.56, 73.4% of the As(V), and 43.7% of As(III) desorbed. The thermodynamic study showed the spontaneous nature of the sorption of arsenic on IOCB. The high value of the heat of adsorption {ΔH ≈ − 133 kJ/mol for As(V), and 88.9 k/mol for As(III)} indicated that the mechanism of arsenic sorption was chemisorption.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it