Infrared Absorption and Emission Spectra of Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Prepared in the Presence of Oxygen, Nitrogen, Ammonia, and Carbon Monoxide
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The formation of carbonaceous condensates in the atmospheres of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) carbon stars and in the nebulae of post-AGB objects occurs in a chemical environment that also contains oxygen and nitrogen. The extent of incorporation of chemical groups containing these elements in carbonaceous solids will depend on the ratios C/O and C/N. The presence of chemical groups containing O and N can have a significant effect on the infrared spectrum of this material through the introduction of new absorption and emission features and by perturbing spectral lines arising from CH and other hydrocarbon groups. To simulate some aspects of this chemistry, we have prepared samples of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (HAC) containing these elements by laser ablation of graphite in mixed H2/N2, H2/O2, and H2/CO gases and in NH3. Absorption and emission spectra are reported for these materials in the 2.5-20 μm region. We find that the inclusion of oxygen has a profound effect on both 3.4 μm and longer wavelength absorption in HAC even at low concentration. Condensation of HAC in the presence of N2, CO, and NH3 produces changes in the profile and relative intensity of components of the 3.4 μm CH2, 3 hydrocarbon band, but some of these effects can be reversed by heating to higher temperature. We find that the condensation of a crystalline diamond component is greatly facilitated in the presence of O2 or NH3. A number of sharp spectral features attributable to diamond have been observed in these spectra.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it