Enhanced Cometabolic Transformation of 4-Chlorophenol in the Presence of Phenol by Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Substrate inhibitions that manifest within the cometabolism system of 4-chlorophenol (4-cp) and phenol were alleviated through the application of granular activated carbon (GAC) in batch biodegradation. It was found that 4-cp was preferentially adsorbed over phenol by the GAC and that 50% to 70% of the adsorption was achieved within the first two hours of contact. The kinetics of 4-cp adsorption was also much faster than that of phenol, even when the co-existing phenol was of a significantly higher initial concentration. As a result, competitive inhibition between the two compounds was minimized. Adsorption also caused a lowering of the phenol concentration in solution with a concomitant reduction in the substrate inhibition effect on cell growth. The addition of GAC benefited the biotransformation process through shortening the total degradation time for 600 mg L−1 phenol and 100 mg L−1 4-cp from 42 h to 12 h; and it also made it possible for cells to survive and transform 600 mg L−1 phenol and as high as 400 mg L−1 4-cp in free suspension cultures. Repeated operations in which GAC was reused showed that GAC could be regenerated by the cells, thus rendering the GAC incorporated process amenable to long term operations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".