High-Latitude Galactic Dust Emission in the BOOMERANG Maps
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present millimeter-wave observations obtained by the BOOMERANG (Balloon Observations Of Millimetric Extragalactic Radiation ANd Geophysics) experiment of Galactic emission at intermediate and high ( b < -20°) Galactic latitudes. We find that this emission is well correlated with extrapolated dust maps and is spectrally consistent with thermal emission from interstellar dust (ISD). The ISD brightness in the 410 GHz map has an angular power spectrum c l ~ l -β with 2 ≲ β ≲ 3. At 150 GHz and at multipoles l ~ 200, the angular power spectrum of the IRAS -correlated dust signal is estimated to be l ( l + 1) c l /2π = 3.7 ± 2.9 μK 2 . This is negligible with respect to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) signal measured by the same experiment l ( l + 1) c l /2π = 4700 ± 540 μK 2 . For the uncorrelated dust signal, we set an upper limit to the contribution to the CMB power at 150 GHz and l ~ 200 of l ( l + 1) c l /2π < 3 μK 2 at 95% CL.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".