Einkorn: A Functional Wheat for Developing High-Lutein Whole Grain Baked Products
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) is an ancient hulled wheat that has the simplest genetic makeup among domesticated wheat species. It has a soft endosperm with a high protein content and yellow pigments with unique nutritional profiles. Einkorn flour has a wide range of quality characteristics that are similar to durum and common wheat flours. In general, it has poor bread baking quality but does have cookie and muffin baking qualities that are comparable to modern soft and hard wheats. Einkorn contains the highest levels of lutein among wheat species, accounting for ≈77–83% of the total carotenoid content, followed by zeaxanthin at 9–13% of the total carotenoid content. Einkorn whole grain flour alone or blended with corn flour or a lutein supplement was processed into cookie, muffin, and yeast-free flatbread formulations. Studies of lutein stability showed a sharp decline in the three baked products. Despite significant lutein losses, the lutein-fortified whole grain baked products contained ≈1.1–1.3 mg...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".