Freewheel Running and Submandibular Lymph Node Lymphocyte Response to Exercise Stress in Older Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The submandibular lymph nodes (SLN) are the primary sites for drainage of and sensitization to pathogens from the anterior eye; intraocular tumor antigens also drain to the SLN and result in activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Thus, changes in lymphocyte distribution and viability in SLN with training and acute exercise may directly impact ocular health. PURPOSE: To examine the impact of acute exercise on SLN lymphocytes after long-term freewheel (voluntary) running in mice. METHODS: Five week old female C57BL/6 mice were assigned to wheel running (WR, n=20) or non-wheel running groups (NR, n=21) for 8 months and then randomized to treadmill running and sacrifice immediately (EX+Imm) or sacrifice 24h (EX+24h) after cessation of exercise, or a control group sacrificed immediately after exposure to treadmill noise and vibrations without running (NonEX). Lymphocytes from bilateral SLN were collected, enumerated and analyzed for CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD19 surface markers and phosphatidylserine externalization by flow cytometry, intracellular glutathione by spectrofluorometry and plasma corticosterone by radioimmuno assay. RESUlTS: Monthly running distances differed significantly over time (p<0.01), with an average of 136±11.8 km•month−1 during months 1–6 and thereafter declined (months 7 and 8). Plasma corticosterone was elevated in NR mice immediately following treadmill exercise (NR EX+IMM: 73.5±7.6 ng•mL−1 vs. NR NonEX: 28.2±9.5ng•mL−1; p<0.05), but did not differ between WR Ex+IMM and WR NonEX. WR mice had a higher %T cells in SLN (WR: 71.7±1.7%vs. NR: 62.3±2.3%; p<0.05) and lower % B cells compared to NR mice (WR: 12.5±0.9%vs. NR: 27.7±2.2%; p<0.001). Despite a higher % apoptotic SLN lymphocytes in NR compared to WR mice (NR: 20.9±1 .4% vs.WR: 12.4 ±2.7%; p<0.01), intracellular glutathione concentration and total SLN lymphocyte numbers were not altered by training. However, the percent apoptotic lymphocytes was decreased in the SLN immediately, and further 24h after exercise in WR (p<0.001) but not in NR mice. CONCLUSION: Eight months of freewheel running results in a higher T cell proportion and less acute exercise-induced apoptosis of mouse SLN lymphocytes. These effects may be beneficial for ocular health in athletes and older adults. Supported by NSERC of Canada.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".