FPGA-Based Real-Time Emulation of Power Electronic Systems With Detailed Representation of Device Characteristics
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based real-time digital simulator for power electronic apparatus based on a realistic device-level behavioral model. A three-level 12-pulse voltage source converter (VSC)-fed induction machine drive is implemented on the FPGA. The VSC model is computed at a fixed time step of 12.5 ns, allowing a realistic representation of insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) nonlinear switching characteristics and power losses. The simulator also models a squirrel-cage induction machine, a direct field-oriented control system, and a pulsewidth modulator to achieve the real-time simulation of the complete drive system. All the models have been implemented using very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL). Real-time simulation results have been validated using the measured device-level IGBT characteristics.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it