Calculated and observed behaviour of clayey soil under cyclic loading beneath preloading embankments for oil tanks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two accurately monitored preloading embankments built to reduce the settlement of two oil tanks for a thermoelectric power plant near Mantova, Italy, were analysed using the finite element method and different constitutive assumptions. The most prominent feature of the proposed case study is that it involved two major loading cycles (preloading embankment construction–removal and oil tank filling–emptying) of different amplitudes (embankment heights of 8.60 and 12.50 m and a tank level of 14.00 m). Further minor loading cycles were also applied due to changes (of up to 6–7 m) in the hydrometric levels of the Po River. Because of the cyclic nature of the loading and the detailed measurements (of pore pressures and horizontal and vertical movements on the ground surface and in depth), this case study proves very useful for validating advanced features of modern constitutive models. The effects of elastic anisotropy, plastic anisotropy, and destructuration are considered in two different bounding-surface, kinematic-hardening plasticity models specific to clays and sands. The effects of permeability and Poisson’s ratio are also analysed. The conclusions have a general applicability and are not specific to the selected constitutive models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".