Rayleigh Wave–Internal Wave Coupling and Internal Wave Generation above a Model Jet Stream
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Linear theory for modes in a nonuniformly stratified, semi-infinite shear flow demonstrates that Rayleigh waves (stable waves propagating in fluid with spatially varying shear) couple with evanescent internal waves. If the bulk Richardson number (the squared ratio of the buoyancy frequency and shear) lies between 1/4 and 1, the waves have infinite e-folding depth for waves with critical relative horizontal wavenumbers. Fully nonlinear numerical simulations examine the effect of Rayleigh wave–internal wave coupling when the shear layer is localized and is thus Kelvin–Helmholtz unstable. Diagnostics examining profiles of the wave-induced mean flow show that if the bulk Richardson number is of order unity, significant momentum is extracted from a shear layer as a consequence of transport by waves. The work is extended to the study of unstable jet flows and applications of this work for internal wave generation by dynamic instability of the upper flank of the jet stream are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".