High performance multispectral TDI CCD image sensors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We developed a Time Delay Integration (TDI) CCD image sensor that consists of four multispectral bands (B1-B4 zone) and one panchromatic band (P zone) in an integrated, compact package. The B zones have a horizontal resolution of 3k columns, with a pixel size of 28 μm x 28 μm. The P zone has a horizontal resolution of 12k columns, with a pixel size of 7 μm x 7 μm. The large pixel size of B zones provides excellent colour differentiation even under extremely low light intensity, while the small pixel size and the large pixel number of broad band zone (P zone) provides high resolution images within a wide spectrum range. By utilizing a particularly designed hybrid optical filter, the sensor is able to collect blue, green, red, and near infrared images with only negligible optical crosstalk. The sensor uses selectable outputs and data rate: 2 or 1 outputs running at 16.5 MHz (B1-B4 Zone) per output, and 8 or 4 outputs running at 33 MHz (P Zone) per output. Special design features minimize optical crosstalk between the image zones, and achieve a low signal noise: ≤ 85 e- in B zone, and ≤ 35 e- in P zone. To acquire spectral reflectance signatures with good fidelity, the image sensor must be very sensitive to weak light in some spectral bands and cannot be over exposed to light in other spectral bands. To fulfil this requirement, the sensor is designed to show a balanced responsivity in all the image zones. Over all, the sensor demonstrates outstanding performance, providing exceptional images that are crucial for remote sensing applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".