Papermill biosolid and hog manure compost affect short-term biological activity and crop yield of a sandy soil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soils used for intensive vegetable production often become depleted in their organic matter content, and consequently low in their microbial activity. Papermill sludge compost may be an efficient way to improve the biological activity of these soils. An experiment was initiated to determine the effects of a co-composted papermill sludge and hog manure (PHC), applied alone or in combination with mineral fertilizers (MF), on several biochemical properties and crop yield of a Bevin loamy sand (Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol) located at Saint-Ubalde, province of Quebec, Canada. The PHC was applied in the spring of 1997 at rates of 0, 11.5, 23 and 34.5 Mg dry weight ha-1, with and without MF equivalent to 150 N-200 P2O5-200 K2O kg ha-1. Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) were planted the first year and the residual effect of PHC was evaluated on a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop in 1998. Enzymatic activity of β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, acid phosphatase, urease and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, microbial biomass C (MBC) and CO2-C release in incubation were measured throughout both growing seasons. Application of 11.5 Mg ha-1 of PHC resulted in the highest enzymatic activities and MBC, representing a mean in crease of respectively 30 and 55% over the control. Addition of MF to PHC resulted in a greater increase in enzyme activities (12–18%) than PHC alone but had little effect on MBC. Generally, enzyme activities and MBC decreased in the second season. The carbon mineralization potential was low, indicating that the composted material was relatively stable. The addition of 11.5 Mg PHC ha-1 produced the highest marketable potato tuber yield with (34 Mg ha-1) or without (27 Mg ha-1) fertilizer supplement, whereas the highest wheat grain yield was obtained with the 23 Mg PHC ha-1 level in the following season. When PHC was added at 11.5 Mg ha-1, it markedly improved soil biochemical properties and potato crop yield whereas the 34.5 Mg ha-1 level was excessive. Key words: Papermill, farm manure, compost, enzyme activity, microbial biomass
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".