Configurational specific heat of molecular liquids by modulated calorimetry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The specific heat of a liquid varies as its structure and molecular vibrational frequencies vary with the temperature. We report the magnitude of the structural or configurational part C(p,conf) for five molecular liquids by measuring their dynamic and the apparent specific heats, and find that the unrelaxed or vibrational specific heat, of the equilibrium liquid, is not greatly different from that of the nonequilibrium glass. Therefore, the vibrational part of the specific heat C(p,vib) does not change substantially when a glass becomes an ultraviscous liquid. This contradicts the inference that there is a large sigmoid-shape (discontinuous) increase in C(p,vib) as the structure of a glass kinetically unfreezes on heating above its T(g), and further that C(p,conf) is 20%-50% of the net C(p) change at the glass transition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".