Different dynamic patterns of extracellular glutamate release in rat hippocampus after permanent or 30‐min transient cerebral ischemia and histological correlation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The extent and severity of neuronal damage is different in ischemia with reperfusion compared to ischemia and no reperfusion. To investigate the role of glutamate in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, in vivo microdialysis was performed to examine the dynamic profile of glutamate in the hippocampus in a transient (30 min) or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in Wistar rats. The extracellular concentration of glutamate in the cornu ammonis (CA)1 sector of the ipsilateral hippocampus showed a significant but transient elevation of glutamate for both groups immediately following ischemic insult. The initial high peak in glutamate levels in the transient MCAo group was followed by two secondary elevations in glutamate at 50 min and 90 min after initialization of reperfusion. The histopathological outcome was also different in the two groups. The observation that glutamate releases occurred in the early reperfusion phase provided an evidence of additional excitotoxicity of glutamate and thereby a therapeutic base for extended use of glutamate antagonist in the ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".