WISC-III third factor indexes learning problems but not Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: to examine the clinical utility of the WISC-III third factor—"Freedom From Distractibility" (FFD)-in the diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and the contribution of behavioral, academic, and language variables to the factor. Method: 275 children, referred for attention, behavior, and learning difficulties, and 26 normal comparison children completed the WISC-III, subtests from the Wide Range Achievement Test-3, the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test-Revised, and the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals. Parents and teachers completed DSM-IV-based rating scales. Results from the study showed that a child's FFD score was not a valid diagnostic indicator of either ADHD or subtype of ADHD. FFD scores were associated primarily with arithmetic and receptive language scores, implicating verbal working memory. Conclusion: Low FFD scores may signal learning problems, particularly with arithmetic, language, and working memory that may contribute to poor academic performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".