Microstructured Photonic Fibers as Multichannel Electrospray Emitters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Novel multichannel electrospray emitters are presented that use silica-based microstructured fibers (MSFs) to split the flow allowing efficient desolvation during electrospray. The MSFs investigated in this study possess 30-168 individual fluidic channels (each channel being 5 microm in diameter) that form a 2D emitting array. Multiple flow paths afford stable electrospray at flow rates ranging from the microspray (e.g., 1000 nL/min) to the nanoelectrospray (e.g., 10 nL/min) regime with moderate to negligible flow-induced backpressures. The electrospray stability of highly aqueous solutions (up to 99.9% water with 0.1% acetic acid) is enhanced through modification of the emitting surface with a hydrophobic silylation reagent (chlorotrimethylsilane). Furthermore, by successfully spraying highly concentrated salt solutions, this study demonstrates that multichannel MSF emitters provide enhanced robustness to clogging, leading to increased operational throughput.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".