ACUTE HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA IN HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN THE PIG
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hypothermia (HT) is used in certain surgical procedures to reduce metabolism and protect the brain, but in trauma victims accidental HT is considered harmful. Recent animal studies indicate that HT has protective effects in hemorrhagic shock. The aim of the present study was to examine how induced HT modifies the hemodynamic pattern in hemorrhagic shock. Twenty pigs with a body weight of between 17 and 24 kg (mean 20.8) were anesthetized, 50% of their blood volume was withdrawn, and hypothermia (30 degrees C) was induced in half of them (HT group) while the others served as controls. Central hemodynamics was monitored during 4 h via an arterial line and a pulmonary artery catheter. Blood samples were obtained for measurement of leukocyte and platelet counts. Three of the control pigs died while all the animals in the HT group survived the experiment. The hemorrhage resulted in a marked increase in heart rate and a drop in cardiac output and mean arterial pressure. HT slowed the heart rate and induced a further reduction of cardiac output, which parallelled the depression of the core temperature, while the stroke volume did not change in any of the groups. A significant decrease in mean arterial pressure and the leukocyte count became apparent 2 h after the induction of HT. HT aggravated the hypokinetic situation resulting from hemorrhagic shock but without increasing the mortality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".