Aβ peptide immunization restores blood‐brain barrier integrity in Alzheimer disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Immunization with amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides or passive immunization with antibodies against Abeta has been reported to reduce plaque burden, neuritic dystrophy, early Tau pathology, microgliosis as well as reversing learning and memory deficits. This has created a central paradox: how does vaccination in peripheral tissues reduce plaque burden in the brain? No single explanation for these phenomena has yet been presented. To reconcile these observations, we demonstrate that the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a structural barrier between the brain and the blood, is compromised in Tg2576 Alzheimer disease (AD) model mice. We immunized Tg2576 mice with Abeta before and after the onset of AD-type neuropathology and observed that BBB permeability, amyloid burden, and microgliosis are decreased in immunized mice. It is concluded that the integrity of the BBB is disrupted in AD mice, and after Abeta immunization the immune system clears Abeta from sources in the brain as it would in peripheral organs lacking barriers. Once Abeta is removed, the integrity of the BBB is restored. The data therefore provide an intellectual framework for understanding how the immune system can clear amyloid deposits from AD brains and suggest new strategies for limiting disease progression in amyloidopathies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".