The effect of temperature on adsorption of organic compounds to soils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Column experiments were performed at 2225°, 50°, and 92°C to study the effect of temperature on the sorption of toluene, perchloroethylene, and naphthalene to a silty gravel-till aquifer material. A one-dimensional numerical model incorporating kinetic adsorption with gamma-distributed rate constants was developed and fit to the data. As temperature was increased from 2225° to 90°C, sorption coefficients decreased by 35, 40, and 60% for toluene, perchloroethylene, and naphthalene, respectively. The means and variances of the gamma distributions for sorption rate constants both increased as temperature increased. The increases in variance were attributed to the short contact times of the experiments and the increased sorption rates at higher temperatures. The decreases in sorption coefficients and increases in sorption rate constants as temperature is increased suggest that thermal remediation techniques such as hot-water and steam flushing may accelerate the removal of sorbed organic soil contamination.Key words: sorption, nonequilibrium, temperature dependence, thermal remediation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".