Recovery of ovary size, follicle cell apoptosis, and HSP70 expression in fish exposed to bleached pulp mill effluent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We hypothesized that impaired ovarian function (e.g., reduced ovary size) in wild fish chronically exposed to bleached pulp mill effluents is related to an increased rate of apoptosis in ovarian follicle (granulosa and (or) theca) cells. In 1996, vitellogenic white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) collected downstream of a bleached kraft pulp mill had reduced ovary size associated with increases in ovarian cell apoptosis and stress protein (HSP70) expression when compared with fish collected from an upstream reference site. Fish sampling was repeated in 1998 following mill maintenance changes aimed at minimizing the discharge of process chemicals. In 1998, there were no differences in ovary size, ovarian cell apoptosis, or ovarian HSP70 levels between fish collected upstream and downstream of the mill. Based on the results of this and our previous work, we conclude that chronic stimulation of ovarian cell apoptosis by certain components of mill effluents may represent an important cellular mechanism responsible for reductions in ovary size, and potentially other integrated reproductive responses, in female fish exposed to pulp mill effluents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".