Relativistic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>-fermion wave equations in quantum electrodynamics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The variational method in a reformulated Hamiltonian formalism of quantum electrodynamics is used to derive relativistic wave equations for a system consisting of $n$ fermions and antifermions. Simple Fock-space variational trial states are used to obtain the relativistic $n$-body equations. The derived kernels of these equations (i.e., momentum-space relativistic potentials) include one-photon exchange and virtual annihilation interactions. The equations are shown to have the Schr\"odinger nonrelativistic limit. Application to the particular cases of positronium (Ps), positronium negative ion $({\text{Ps}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$, and positronium molecule (${\text{Ps}}_{2}$, ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+}$) are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".