Stability of <i>ω</i>-Functionalized Self-Assembled Monolayers as a Function of Applied Potential
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ion penetration into a series of ω -functionalized X(CH 2 ) n S/Au (X = CH 3, OH, or CO 2 H, and n = 15) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and a partially fluorinated (CF 3 (CF 2 ) 7 (CH 2 ) 2 S/Au) SAM has been investigated by electrochemical ac impedance spectroscopy in the absence of a redox probe. SAM permeability is revealed by the behavior of the phase angle at frequencies of less than ∼50 Hz, the frequency domain characteristic of diffusion processes. The permeability of these ω -functionalized SAMs, as a function of an applied potential, falls into two regimes. One regime corresponds to a state where the SAM is an ionic insulator and is well described by the Helmholtz capacitor model. The second regime begins when a critical applied potential, V c, is exceeded. V c corresponds to the applied potential at which ion penetration into the SAM is activated. For a chain length of 15 carbon atoms, the chemical nature of the terminal group X greatly influences the value of V c, where V c is +0.25 V (vs Ag/AgCl) for X = OH, +0.15 V for X = CO 2 H, −0.35 V for X = CH 3, and −0.25 V for the fluorinated SAM. A hydrophilic SAM/electrolyte interface, rather than a hydrophobic one, is more readily transformed into a form which favors ion/water penetration into the SAM. The potential-induced transformation described here is of importance to the application of SAMs in biosensors and molecular electronic devices.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it