Electroforming of Copper Structures at Nanometer-Sized Gaps of Self-assembled Monolayers on Silver
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes a method to fabricate micro- and nanostructures of copper by electrodeposition onto nanometer-sized gaps in self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of alkanethiolates on metal surfaces. We have demonstrated that the approach can produce large numbers of metallic micro- or nanostructures over large (2 cm 2 ) areas with features as small as ≈70 nm. The electrodeposited copper structures can be transferred using Scotch tape onto both flat and curved substrates. Linear arrays of copper structures have been tested for use as optical polarizers. A polarization ratio R = ≈2.0 was found for light with λ = 633 nm in transmission mode for linear arrays of copper wires (≈220 nm, with a 1-μm pitch) mounted on antireflective windows.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".