Bibliographic record
Abstract
After a bitter legislative fight, the US Congress passed a $395 billion revision of Medicare, the health insurance programme for elderly people, which will come into effect in 2006. The Medicare Drug Benefit bill institutes far-reaching revisions of the popular programme created in 1965. The addition of outpatient prescription drug benefits attracted support from many quarters. But the bill's inclusion of privatisation schemes created a bitter divide with critics charging that the bill is the first step toward the dismantling of Medicare. President George Bush's administration supported the bill saying its provisions encouraging privatisation create competition that will keep costs down and give elderly people a better range of choices. Soaring drug costs fuelled the battle over changes in Medicare. Drug prices in the United States, often four to 10 times higher than in Canada and Europe, triggered a movement to legalise the reimportation of drugs. But the new Medicare drug plan prohibits both drug reimportation and price negotiations by Medicare. “[This …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.026 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.012 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.036 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".