Creatine transporter and mitochondrial creatine kinase protein content in myopathies
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Total creatine or phosphocreatine, or both, are reduced in the skeletal muscle of patients with inflammatory myopathy, mitochondrial myopathy, and muscular dystrophy/congenital myopathy. We used Western blotting techniques to measure skeletal muscle creatine transporter protein and sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase (mtCK) protein content in patients with inflammatory myopathy (N = 8), mitochondrial myopathy (N = 5), muscular dystrophy (N = 7), and congenital myopathy (N = 3), as compared to a control group without a neuromuscular diagnosis (N = 8). Creatine transporter protein content was lower for all groups compared to control subjects (P < 0.05; P < 0.01 for congenital myopathy). Mitochondrial CK (mtCK) was lower for inflammatory myopathy (P < 0.05), higher for mitochondrial myopathy (P < 0.05), not different for muscular dystrophy, and markedly lower for the congenital myopathy group (P < 0.01), compared to control subjects. Together, these data suggest that the reduction in total creatine or phosphocreatine in patients with certain myopathies is correlated with creatine transporter and not mtCK protein content. This further supports the belief that creatine monohydrate supplementation may benefit patients with low muscle creatine stores, although the reduction in creatine transporter protein may have implications for dosing.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it