Stretching effects on the permeability of water molecules across a lipid bilayer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using a coarse grained molecular dynamics model of a solvent-surfactant system, we study the effects of stretching on the permeability of water across a lipid bilayer. The density profile, free energy profile, diffusion profile, and tail ordering parameter were computed for a set of stretched membranes maintained at constant area. We computed the water permeability across each membrane using the inhomogeneous solubility-diffusion model first proposed by Marrink and Berendsen [J. Phys. Chem. 98, 4155 (1994)]. We find that even though the resistance to permeation profile shows a great deal of qualitative change as the membranes are stretched, the overall permeability remains nearly constant within the relevant range of stretching. This is explained by the fact that the main barrier to permeation, located in the densest section of the tails, is insensitive to increased area per lipid, as a result of competing effects. Expansion leads to thinning and a higher density in the tail region, the latter leading to an increase in the free energy barrier. However, this is compensated by the reduction in the transverse distance to cross and a larger diffusion coefficient due to increased disordering in the chains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".