Bioassay-Guided Isolation, Purification and Charaterization of Antimicrobial Compound From Acidic Metabolite of Piper umbellatum Seed Extract
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The antimicrobial potential of ethanol extract of Piper umbellatum seeds and its acidic, basic and neutral metabolites were evaluated using the disc diffusion method. The results showed that the acidic and neutral metabolites exhibited greater antibiotic activities against the tested microorganisms; Coliform bacilli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus and gave inhibition zone diameters greater than 28 mm against both C. bacilli and S. aureus. These results were interpreted in terms of differences in phytochemical composition of these metabolites and indicated that an effective anti-Staphylococcal drug could be developed from P. umbellatum extract for chemotherapy of diseases caused by S. aureus, which is known all over the world to develop resistance to most potent antibiotic drugs. Chromatographic purification of the acidic metabolite gave five fractions whose antimicrobial potential against some pathogens was evaluated and compared with Amoxil (a positive standard antimicrobial drug). The results showed that all the chromatographic fractions possessed inhibitory activities against the tested microbes. Spectroscopic analysis of IR, 1H– and 13C–NMR data suggested that the active principle in acidic metabolite of P. umbellatum could be Naringin, a naturally occurring polyphenol and antibiotic drug.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".