Entrepreneurial desirability and intent among youth in Bhutan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Kingdom of Bhutan has embarked on an ambitious programme of entrepreneurial training for youth, with the objective of stimulating increased new venture formation and job creation. The entrepreneurship literature on the drivers of entrepreneurial intent is well–developed for the case of opportunity–seeking individuals in developed countries, but the literature around intent for necessity–based entrepreneurship in emerging countries is much less developed. This study is an exploration into entrepreneurial intent and the precursors of desirability and positive social norms affecting the career decisions of these youths. We surveyed 364 young people with an express interest in business and entrepreneurship, located in Bhutan and Canada (as a typical representative of the scope of prior research into entrepreneurial intent). Our results demonstrate higher entrepreneurial intent and more positive attitudes and social norms in Bhutan than in Canada. These results suggest that new entrepreneurship training programmes in Bhutan should be designed to focus primarily on other aspects, such as building skills and acquiring resources.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".