Patterns of species composition and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in arid regions of southwestern North America and Namibia, Africa
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities at 13 sampling sites in two arid regions (Chihuahuan and Sonoran Deserts) and semi-arid grasslands in North America were compared with each other and with AM fungal communities in the Namib Desert in Africa using successive trap cultures to induce sporulation. Twenty-one AM fungal species were recovered, eight of which were undescribed. Species richness at each sampling site ranged from 6 to 12 species. There was considerable overlap in the species composition of the two desert regions surveyed in North America. Glomus microaggregatum Koske, Gemma & Olexia, Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerd., Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, Glomus spurcum Pfeiffer, Walker & Bloss, and two undescribed Glomus species (AZ112 and AZ123) were detected in over 50% of the sampling sites in North America. Similarities in species composition of arid regions of Namibia and North America also was high, ranging from 54 to 79%. The taxonomic range of AM fungi was limited mostly to small-spored fungi in Glomaceae and Acaulosporaceae. Acaulospora trappei Ames & Linderman, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus occultum Walker, Glomus microaggregatum, Glomus mosseae, Glomus spurcum, and an undescribed Glomus species (AZ123) were detected in all three desert regions and in semi-arid grasslands. Gigaspora rosea Nicolson & Schenck was the only species in Gigasporaceae detected, and then only at one sampling site in North America. Scutellospora species were not found. These results indicate involvement of both historical processes such as dispersal and selective variables at the local level in determining species composition in arid environments.Key words: biogeography, Chihuahuan Desert, community structure, diversity, Glomales, Namib Desert, species richness, Sonoran Desert.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it