Weight Gain and Glucose Dysregulation with Second-Generation Antipsychotics and Antidepressants: A Review for Primary Care Physicians
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Full frame distilled prediction
Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
- Candidate categories
- Meta-epidemiology (narrow)
- Consensus categories
- none
- Domain
- Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none
- Study design
- Candidate signal: Other designConsensus signal: none
- Genre
- Candidate signal: ReviewConsensus signal: Review
- Teacher disagreement score
- 0.868
- Threshold uncertainty score
- 1.000
- Validation status
machine_predicted_unvalidated·codex-gemma-dda1882f352a
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.281 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAPs) and second-generation antidepressants (SGADs) have multiple US Food and Drug Administration-approved indications and are frequently prescribed by primary care physicians. We review the relative potential of these drugs to cause weight gain and glucose dysregulation, and offer clinical guidance to minimize and manage this risk. Among SGAPs, clozapine and olanzapine have a high risk for causing weight gain and glucose dysregulation; iloperidone, paliperidone, quetiapine, and risperidone have a medium risk; and aripiprazole, asenapine, lurasidone, and ziprasidone have a low risk. Young, drug-naïve patients are particularly vulnerable to weight gain associated with SGAPs. With the exception of clozapine, SGAPs have modest differences in their efficacy; however, their side effect profiles may influence selection. Using SGAPs with high metabolic liability conservatively and limiting their off-label use are important means to minimize risk. Patients should be screened before initiating any SGAP (or any antipsychotic medication) and monitored subsequently following standard guidelines, such as those provided by the American Diabetes Association. Healthy lifestyle counseling should be offered to all patients. Patients showing evidence of significant weight gain should be switched to an SGAP with a lower metabolic liability. Metformin may have some utility in young patients with limited exposure to antipsychotic drugs if lifestyle interventions fail and switching the SGAP is not an option. This option should be tried sooner than later for the best possible result. For SGADs, paroxetine and mirtazapine are associated with weight gain, and bupropion may cause modest weight loss. Other SGADs are mostly weight neutral, but individual variations may occur. Depression is associated with weight change and is a risk factor for glucose dysregulation. Treatment of depression improves glucose metabolism. We recommend that all patients taking SGADs be screened using anthropometric measures and metabolic assessment at baseline. Monitoring should be guided individually based on weight gain and other risk factors.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- Postgraduate Medicine
- Topic
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Field
- Medicine
- Canadian institutions
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- Funders
- not available
- Keywords
- MedicineQuetiapineOlanzapineWeight gainAripiprazoleBupropionZiprasidoneAntipsychoticAsenapineClozapineLurasidoneRisperidoneMirtazapinePsychiatryInternal medicineSchizophrenia (object-oriented programming)AntidepressantAnxiety
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes