A decreased<i>n</i>-6/<i>n</i>-3 ratio in the fat-1 mouse is associated with improved glucose tolerance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A reduction in skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation (FAO), manifested as a reduction in mitochondrial content and (or) FAO within mitochondria, may contribute to the development of insulin resistance. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been observed to increase the capacity for FAO and improve insulin sensitivity. We used the fat-1 mouse model, a transgenic animal capable of synthesizing n-3 PUFA from n-6 PUFA, to examine this relationship. Fat-1 mice exhibited a approximately 20-fold decrease in the n-6/n-3 ratio in skeletal muscle, and plasma glucose and the area under the glucose curve were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in fat-1 mice during a glucose challenge test. The improvement in whole-body glucose tolerance in the fat-1 mouse was associated with a approximately 21% (p < 0.05) decrease in whole-muscle citrate synthase (CS) activity (in red muscle only), without alterations in CS activity of isolated mitochondria (either red or white muscle; p > 0.05). These data suggest that the fat-1 mouse has decreased skeletal muscle mitochondrial content. However, the intrinsic ability of mitochondria to oxidize fatty acids was not altered in the fat-1 mouse, as rates of palmitate oxidation in isolated mitochondria from both red and white muscle were unchanged. Overall, this study demonstrates that a decrease in the n-6/n-3 ratio can enhance glucose tolerance in healthy animals, independent of changes in mitochondrial content.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".