Potent excitation of inspiratory frequency by P2Y <sub>1</sub> receptor activation in the preBotzinger complex (PBC)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent data indicate that ATP is released from the ventral respiratory column (VRC) in response to hypoxia where it acts via P2 receptors (Rs) to partially offset hypoxia‐induced reductions in inspiratory frequency (f). This study used rhythmically‐active medullary slices from neonatal rat to: map the VRC to identify the site of maximum ATP sensitivity; identify the P2R subtype(s) mediating the f effects of ATP, and; explore the cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of ATP on f. Microinjections of ATP in the VRC revealed a ‘hotspot’ where ATP evoked a 2.2±0.1 fold increase in f. The hotspot was identified as the PBC based on histology, overlap of labeled injection sites with NK1R immunolabeling and potentiation or inhibition of f at the same site by Substance P or DAMGO respectively. Whole‐cell recording revealed that ATP evoked inward currents in >90% of PBC respiratory neurons, including a P2Y 1 R antagonist‐sensitive current in putative voltage‐dependent pacemaker neurons. Non‐respiratory PBC neurons were also ATP‐sensitive. In summary, the presence of P2Y 1 Rs in the PBC, the relative potency of P2R agonists, and the block of the ATP‐evoked f response and whole‐cell currents in respiratory PBC neurons by MRS2179, suggest that ATP acts via P2Y 1 Rs in the PBC to stimulate rhythm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".