Memory strategy development in children with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to examine whether children with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) show the same developmental transition from visual to verbal memory strategies as in non-FASD children and whether this transition was related to executive functioning and vocabulary skills. METHODS: Younger (5-6 years) and older (8-10 years) children with FASD and non-FASD children were tested on a picture memory task. RESULTS: Among both age groups, the non-FASD children performed better than those with FASD. Younger children with FASD appeared to use a visual approach, whereas older children with FASD appeared to use a verbal approach. However, among the non-FASD group both age groups appeared to use a verbal approach. Among the FASD group, the transition from a visual to verbal approach was correlated with executive functioning skills. IMPLICATIONS: Strategies for classroom approaches as well as strategy training are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".