Nonlinear absorption in Au films: Role of thermal effects
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effective nonlinear optical absorption coefficient ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ is measured for $20\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$-thick Au films at $630\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ as a function of pulse width. The $z$-scan measurements show that ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ increases from $6.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ to $6.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{cm}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{W}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ as the pulse width is varied from $0.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}5.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$. To help interpret this $\ensuremath{\sim}100\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$ increase, differential transmission and reflectivity measurements are performed using $775\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ pump and $630\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ probe pulses. All experiments are simulated with a two-temperature model for electrons and lattice. The pulse width dependence of ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ is consistent with thermal smearing of $d$-band to conduction-band transitions, with ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ arising from changes in the linear $(\mathrm{Im}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(1)})$ absorption coefficient.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it