Pyrene-Labeled Graft Copolymers of <i>N</i>-Vinylcaprolactam: Synthesis and Solution Properties in Water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thermosensitive homopolymers of N -vinylcaprolactam and graft copolymers of N -vinylcaprolactam and poly(ethylene oxide)−alkyl methacrylate macromonomer were synthesized with different amounts of hydrophobic fluorescent labels, pyrene, and naphthalene. Association of the polymers in dilute aqueous solutions was studied below and above the LCST using dynamic light scattering, microcalorimetry, and various fluorescence spectroscopy techniques, including nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) and quenching experiments. At room temperature the labeled PVCL homopolymers associate via hydrophobic interactions between labels of different chains, while the amphiphilically grafted PVCL forms mainly intrapolymeric micelles. Upon heating, the polymers aggregate in water and form stable nanosized particles. Results from quenching experiments indicate that the PEO containing grafts are able to create a hydrophilic environment in the vicinity of pyrene units, even at temperatures higher than the LCST. The absence of energy transfer from naphthalene-labeled polymers to pyrene-labeled polymers confirms that, on the contrary to labeled homopolymers, the grafted copolymers do not mix at room temperature, even after the heating cycle. The consequences of amphiphilic modification are discussed in terms of the mechanism of stabilization and of the possible applications of PVCL samples carrying both hydrophobic groups and poly(ethylene oxide) groups.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".