Hydrogenation of Sunflower Oil with Novel Pd Catalysts Supported on Structured Silica
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrogenations of sunflower oil over novel structured catalysts with pore sizes ranging from 3 to 20 nm, Brunauer−Emmett−Teller specific surface areas of 710−1200 m 2 /g, and metal concentrations on the support ranging from 0.7 to 5.0% (w/w) were investigated and compared to a commercial Ni catalyst. Catalyst supports with pore diameters between 7 and 8 nm were more active than supports with lower pore diameters. At the same metal loading and mean pore diameter, the activity was also higher with supports having smaller pore volumes and surface areas, suggesting that the pore depth and geometry of the supports may play an important role in the activity of the supported catalysts. The activity of hydrogenation depended on the Pd content, with maxima in the concentration range of 0.8−1.2% (w/w). A Pd catalyst at a Pd loading of 1% (w/w) had as much activity as a Ni catalyst but was more selective toward cis -monoenes with similar selectivity toward TFA at equal IV reductions. Hydrogenation of sunflower oil in the catalysts was described by a lumped kinetic model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".